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The Structural and Institutional Constraints Facing Developing Countries in the Global Trading System

Summary of the impact

University of Manchester (UoM) research considers the role, position and perception of developing countries in the World Trade Organisation (WTO). It is informed by a deep unease at the way developing and least developed countries (LDCs) have been consistently unable to participate in the multilateral trading system on an equitable basis, and are routinely rendered powerless to realise the meaningful gains that the global trade regime habitually promises. Impact is achieved through a systematic and sustained programme of dissemination, consultation and engagement with high level international policymakers, government officials and civil society organisations, resulting in measurable and meaningful policy change. In conjunction with these stakeholders, the research has: informed the negotiating positions of several states — including South Africa, Turkey, the Seychelles and Nigeria; shaped thinking around the future of the global trade architecture; and contributed to a number of training programmes, most notably at the UN.

Submitting Institution

University of Manchester

Unit of Assessment

Politics and International Studies

Summary Impact Type

Political

Research Subject Area(s)

Economics: Applied Economics
Studies In Human Society: Policy and Administration, Political Science

Shaping European Union policy on free trade agreements

Summary of the impact

Dr Stephen Woolcock's research on EU trade and trade policy, with particular focus on free trade agreements, underpins the work of the LSE's International Trade Policy Unit (ITPU). On the basis of this research, the ITPU was granted a framework contract to provide expert analysis on trade and trade-related topics for the European Parliament's International Trade Committee (INTA). ITPU input has subsequently stimulated and informed debate within the European Parliament and shaped EU policy on free trade agreements.

Submitting Institution

London School of Economics & Political Science

Unit of Assessment

Politics and International Studies

Summary Impact Type

Economic

Research Subject Area(s)

Studies In Human Society: Policy and Administration, Political Science
Law and Legal Studies: Law

Increasing the Effectiveness of Trade Policy Reform in Africa

Summary of the impact

Research by the School's Centre for Research on Economic Development and International Trade (CREDIT) on the relative importance of trade policy and non-trade policy barriers (especially high transport costs) in determining international trade costs and export performance in Africa has directly influenced the design of the national trade policies of Uganda and Kenya. It has also contributed to shaping changes in the policy guidance given by agencies such as the UK's Department for International Development (DFID), the African Development Bank and Commonwealth Secretariat about the need for developing countries to use appropriate, complementary non-trade policies to improve the effectiveness of trade reforms and policies in developing countries (in particular in Africa). Specifically, the research has contributed to a body of evidence about the need to increase the emphasis given to trade facilitation and transport infrastructure in African trade policy reforms, which has in turn informed trade policy design and implementation in a number of African countries.

Submitting Institution

University of Nottingham

Unit of Assessment

Economics and Econometrics

Summary Impact Type

Economic

Research Subject Area(s)

Economics: Economic Theory, Applied Economics
Studies In Human Society: Policy and Administration

Regulating Global Trade and Finance: Influencing Australian Trade Policy, Shaping Public Policy Debates and Informing Practitioner Agendas

Summary of the impact

Trade and finance are the lifeblood of the global economy. Research conducted within the International Political Economy (IPE) cluster has tracked changes in how trade and finance are governed. This case study demonstrates the impact of the IPE cluster on a range of beneficiaries including national governments, international organisations and non-governmental organisations. Via the £4.3M ESRC-funded Centre for the Study of Globalisation and Regionalisation (CSGR), members of the IPE cluster have influenced national economic policies, shaped policy debates on international regulatory regimes and informed the attempts of non-state actors to raise ethical standards in transnational corporate practices.

Submitting Institution

University of Warwick

Unit of Assessment

Politics and International Studies

Summary Impact Type

Economic

Research Subject Area(s)

Studies In Human Society: Political Science
Law and Legal Studies: Law

The Rotterdam Rules: modernising the global container trade

Summary of the impact

The University of Southampton's Institute of Maritime Law (IML) has played a significant role in the development of a new international convention which, if it comes into force, may govern the $18 trillion global containerized trade. Southampton researchers contributed substantially to the debate underpinning the new global liability regime devised to replace a system which has struggled to keep up with the pace of technological change. The new international legal regime — the so-called Rotterdam Rules — has dramatically altered the scope of regulatory intervention in the sector and affected the rights and liabilities of shippers, carriers, receivers and insurers across maritime and multimodal transport worldwide. A global provider of CPD training, the IML continues to play an important part in explaining the new Rules to industry players and advising on how best to cope with the impact of future change.

Submitting Institution

University of Southampton

Unit of Assessment

Law

Summary Impact Type

Political

Research Subject Area(s)

Economics: Applied Economics
Law and Legal Studies: Law

‘Follow The Things’: developing critical pedagogies to promote geographically-informed and ethically-aware consumption in school geography curriculum

Summary of the impact

Dr Ian Cook (Geography, Exeter) has, over the last 20 years, developed a `Follow The Things' approach to appreciating the social relations and ethics of international trade. This research involves tracing the geographies of everyday things, discovering who made them, where and under what conditions, and then feeding this knowledge into public forums. Its principal aim has been to encourage and inform — in critical, positive ways — academic and public discussions of the ethics, (in)justices, and possible futures of international trade. In this census period this work has had impact by reshaping the teaching and learning of international trade in UK schools through the new Geography National Curriculum, by driving forward innovation in school geography teaching, and by making public a database on trade justice activism.

Submitting Institution

University of Exeter

Unit of Assessment

Geography, Environmental Studies and Archaeology

Summary Impact Type

Societal

Research Subject Area(s)

Education: Specialist Studies In Education
Studies In Human Society: Policy and Administration
Language, Communication and Culture: Cultural Studies

International trade fisheries and development

Summary of the impact

Liam Campling's (Lecturer in Work and Organisation at QMUL since 2009) research on the global tuna industry, the international trade regime and developing countries, and his ongoing policy collaboration with development agencies, trade unions and NGOs (a combination of commissioned and pro-bono work), has contributed to three sets of impacts: (1) influencing trade policy, regulation and legislation to support developing countries, including at the WTO; (2) improving labour conditions in tuna processing facilities in Papua New Guinea (PNG); and, (3) influencing public debate and understanding of fisheries industry and policy.

Submitting Institution

Queen Mary, University of London

Unit of Assessment

Business and Management Studies

Summary Impact Type

Political

Research Subject Area(s)

Economics: Applied Economics
Studies In Human Society: Policy and Administration, Political Science

Trade Policy Capacity Building – TradeSift

Summary of the impact

International trade policy is central to economic and political relationships between countries. Specialists from Sussex developed a method and software, TradeSift (see www.tradesift.com), to analyse trade policy options simply, and have delivered reports and capacity building programmes that have influenced decision-makers engaged in regional integration in the EU, Asia, and Africa. The UK government and the European Commission have funded trade policy evaluation studies from the University and the associated spin-off company (InterAnalysis Ltd) using TradeSift. There have been more than 20 training courses, for over 400 participants, from 70 countries. The beneficiaries are the participants, their employers and civil society.

Submitting Institution

University of Sussex

Unit of Assessment

Area Studies

Summary Impact Type

Societal

Research Subject Area(s)

Economics: Applied Economics, Econometrics
Studies In Human Society: Political Science

Informing international decision making on the protection of elephants

Summary of the impact

The research at the University of Reading has developed statistical methods and information systems for two global monitoring systems for elephants: MIKE (Monitoring the Illegal Killing of Elephants) and ETIS (Elephant Trade Information System). The systems provide quantitative evidence, via bias-adjusted indicators, on global and regional trends in the illegal killing of elephants and the illicit ivory trade. This evidence forms the substance of reports discussed at the Convention for International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Based on this information, CITES has adopted decisions to introduce interventions targeting over 20 countries in Africa, Asia and the Middle East aimed at curbing the illegal ivory trade. As well as providing the underpinning data that has informed international policy on illicit trading of this threatened species, the evidence has also helped raise public awareness of the threats to elephants as well as improving monitoring systems and increasing their reach.

Submitting Institution

University of Reading

Unit of Assessment

Mathematical Sciences

Summary Impact Type

Environmental

Research Subject Area(s)

Mathematical Sciences: Statistics
Economics: Applied Economics

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