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Collaboration between Imperial College Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Surgery led to the development of active constraint robot solutions which augment surgeon skills so that joint replacement components are implanted accurately and successfully. This led to the founding of Acrobot to develop innovative surgical technologies. Acrobot was acquired by Stanmore Implants Worldwide in 2010. An orthopaedic stereotaxic instrument, based on Imperial research, obtained US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance in 2013. This has led to Mako-Surgical purchasing Stanmore Implants Acrobot technology in April 2013.
Childhood obesity is a national problem but it is a problem even more keenly felt in the West Midlands where statistics show the percentage of children classified as obese is higher than the national average. Research demonstrating that simple measures such as waist circumference and body mass index (BMI) are every bit as effective as complex and expensive measuring processes such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans in identifying high risk obese children has fed into the evaluation and subsequent improvement of child weight management programmes in the region and more widely in the UK. It also informed the development of an obesity strategy and action plan for Worcestershire for the period 2008-11.
The Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (CMPS) has provided the first validated pain questionnaire for the rapid assessment of acute pain in dogs in surgical and clinical settings. Developed by the University of Glasgow School of Veterinary Medicine, the scale aids clinical decisions on appropriate pain relief intervention and has been freely downloaded by over 3,000 clinical users since its launch in 2008. In addition, it has been used extensively by veterinary healthcare companies to successfully obtain regulatory approval for analgesic drugs and in marketing support materials. The University of Glasgow researchers have been instrumental in developing international pain guidelines with the World Small Animal Veterinary Association, which represent more than 180,000 veterinarians worldwide, and has thereby promoted awareness of pain management in companion animals.
Dementia poses substantial public health and societal challenges for Europe as there is currently no cure, and it is estimated that 10 million Europeans will be living with the disease in 2040. Good quality information allows for decision-makers to establish appropriate health policies and target resources where they are needed and where they are effective. The ALCOVE project (2011-2013) established a European network where knowledge on dementia could be shared and developed a series of recommendations for improving dementia care and quality of life across Europe. A particular strand of research within the project on timely diagnosis of dementia led by Worcester's Association for Dementia Studies has already stimulated policy debate on this issue in the UK and elsewhere in Europe, while a `toolbox' developed through the project for those living with dementia and their carers and for health and social care professionals has informed care practice.
The electrocardiogram (ECG) is one of the most commonly used medical tests which assist in diagnosing heart disorders worldwide. However, diagnosis relies on accurate interpretation of ECG recordings. Studies by University of Glasgow researchers have led to changes to international guidelines for ECG-based diagnosis of a heart attack (myocardial infarction; MI) and have led to significant refinements to the automated ECG analysis software called the `Glasgow Program'. Commercialisation of the Program since 2008 has resulted in its incorporation into some of the market-leading medical devices, with approval of the Glasgow Program by the FDA and more than 40,000 devices sold worldwide, potentially aiding millions of patients around the world. The Program assists hospital doctors, family practitioners and others such as first responding emergency services, e.g. ambulance and fire services, with the reliable interpretation of ECGs, enabling rapid and accurate diagnosis and treatment of patients with a variety of heart problems.
Starting from a mechanism-based hypothesis, Alastair Compston and colleagues in Cambridge have led the academic development of Alemtuzumab as a highly effective therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis through Phase 1, 2 and two Phase 3 trials (1991-2012). The impacts to date are demonstration of the importance of the therapeutic `window of opportunity' in treating multiple sclerosis; a product licence in the European Union (September 2013) for the commonest potentially disabling neurological disease of young adults; expansion of the work-force in industry to develop and market this initiative; and an estimated several-fold increase in revenue to the University of Cambridge (and other beneficiaries) from total royalties of £18.6M from 1997 to date.
Our research on alternatives to medication in the treatment of childhood epilepsy has resulted in increasing rates of surgery with better outcomes, and a new clinical service — the national Children's Epilepsy Surgery Service (CESS) — being commissioned in England and Wales. We have also developed an evidence base for ketogenic dietary therapy, resulting in an increase in service provision. Many more patients are benefiting from this therapy, which is now recommended in NICE guidelines. Throughout our programme of research we have engaged with charities and patient groups to disseminate the results of our research as widely as possible.
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a major cause of death in older men, in the UK and elsewhere. A large UK trial led by the University of Cambridge evaluated the long-term benefits of ultrasound screening for AAA in men aged 65-74 years. This provided the basis for the introduction of a UK national AAA screening programme in men aged 65; this was announced in 2008, initiated in 2009, and achieved full coverage of England in 2013. Similar screening has started in Sweden, New Zealand and in parts of Italy, and is being actively discussed in Denmark, Norway and Finland.
Eating disorders affect 5-10% of young people and in many cases persist into adulthood. At their most severe they can evoke intense emotional responses from those closest to the person. King's College London (KCL) research established that the response from others, combined with personal factors and beliefs, were key maintaining factors in the disorder. As a result, KCL researchers developed self-help materials that reduced distress and improved carers' ability to manage the person they were helping. This intervention programme has been adapted into a workshop, a self- help book, a DVD and a clinical handbook. The programme has been adopted by two of the largest UK eating disorder charities (BEAT and SUCCEED) and is recommended by the USA-based international charity FEAST and forms the basis of local NHS and international services including in the USA and Australia.
High-profile cases of growth hormone misuse by leading international sports stars have made the development of an effective detection test a main priority of global anti-doping organisations. A research team headed by the University of Southampton developed a new test, adopted at the 2012 Olympic Games, which identified two drugs cheats at the London Paralympic Games just weeks after it was first introduced. The subsequent bans serve to act as a powerful deterrent to other athletes and help restore public confidence in fair competition. The World Anti-Doping Agency has announced its commitment to rolling out the test internationally.