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This case study outlines the impact in generating investment in a spin-out SME and in developing a technology for clinical diagnosis based on chemistry research carried out in Bath. The research led to a spin-out company, Atlas Genetics, which has raised over £18M funding in the REF period specifically to develop the Atlas io™ platform, novel technology for rapid (<30 minute) and robust detection of infectious diseases suitable for point-of-care. The investment has created new jobs for highly skilled workers at the cutting-edge of medical diagnostics, with Atlas currently employing 36 staff. The io™ platform has been fully developed and has undergone successful clinical tests on multiple infections (based on bespoke Chemistry developed at Bath) prior to clinical trialling and rollout in Europe and the United States.
High-throughput genotyping has revolutionised the genome-wide search for associations between genetic variants and disease. Professor Sir Edwin Southern of the University of Oxford's Biochemistry Department invented the highly cost-effective array-based method of analysing genetic variation based on hybridisation between probes and samples on glass slides or `chips'. The spin-out company Oxford Gene Technology (OGT) founded by Southern in 1995 licenses the patent to manufacturers of `single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chips', including Illumina and Agilent, a global business exceeding $500M per year. Southern has continued to refine and extend this technology to increase its speed, efficiency and cost-effectiveness. This revolutionary technology has widespread applications such as prediction of individual risk, development of new drugs, provision of personalised treatments, and increased cost-effectiveness of clinical trials. Licence revenues fund R&D within OGT, and endow charitable trusts supporting primary school science education in the UK and crop improvement in the developing world.
Body Sensor Networks (BSN) research developed novel sensing algorithms and technology suitable for on-body pervasive sensing suitable for healthcare, well-being and sporting applications. The main impact includes:
Research; date; attribution:
Since 2005, EaStCHEM research expertise in electrochemistry and in sensing and detection, in partnership with University of Edinburgh researchers and expertise from the associated disciplines of medicine, engineering and physics and funded by the Scottish Intermediary Technology Institute (now Scottish Enterprise, SE) has formed a multidisciplinary team and developed the research outputs and novel platform technologies with enhanced detection characteristics (sensitivity, specificity, ability to handle clinical samples, rapid time-to-result) applicable to point-of-care diagnosis of wound infection state.
Significance: This technology was exclusively licensed from SE by Mölnlycke Health Care AB in 2012. Mölnlycke Health Care AB also established a new subsidiary, MHC Scotland Ltd in the BioQuarter in Edinburgh, to develop this technology, marking their entry into the multibillion dollar global point of care diagnostics market, as well as employing 5 UoE researchers.
Reach: Mölnlycke Health Care AB is a leading innovator in infection control in hospitals having ~7000 employees worldwide and with manufacturing plants in 9 countries.
Beneficiaries: The impact deriving from the underpinning research is to Mölnlycke Health Care AB as evidenced by formation of a significant new business venture and alteration of business practice, through the adoption and commercialisation of our new technology platform and the employment of 5 UoE staff from the research programme as human capital in MHC Scotland Ltd.
Hagan Bayley's research on nanopore sensing for DNA sequencing at the University of Oxford led to the formation of the spin-out company Oxford Nanopore Technologies Ltd (ONT) in 2005. Since 2008, ONT has raised £ 97.8M to support research and product development. This level of investment arises as a direct result of the pioneering technology ONT has developed, based on research in the UOA, which has the potential to revolutionise DNA sequencing and other single molecule analyses. ONT currently employs 145 people, nearly six times as many as in 2008, and was recently valued at $ 2 billion. Evidence from ONT was used in a 2009 House of Lords report on genomic medicine, demonstrating ONT's position at the forefront of this new technology.
Impact: altered business practice / new business venture created
Research into biophysical detection methods undertaken within PHYESTA has resulted in a Gothenburg-based multi-national, Mölnlycke Health Care, establishing a Scottish subsidiary (MHC Scotland) to exploit a commercial (exclusive license) partnership involving PHYESTA and Scottish Enterprise. This represents (i) creation of a new business sector for the company, and (ii) adoption of a new technology into its portfolio.
Significance: Mölnlycke Health Care has used its access to PHYESTA's IP portfolio, via license arrangements, as the primary vehicle for creating a new business venture enabling its entry into the diagnostics market for the first time.
Reach: Mölnlycke Health Care is a leading innovator in infection control in hospitals with employees in 30 countries worldwide. Its entry into the diagnostics market has implications for the entire company.
Beneficiaries: Impact in 2011-2013 pertains primarily to Mölnlycke Health Care and to the Scottish economy.
Attribution: This work was led by Professor Jason Crain, in collaboration with Professor Andrew Mount (Chemistry), Professor Peter Ghazal (Medicine), and Professor Anthony Walton (Engineering).
We have developed an energy harvesting technology that extracts energy from ambient radio signals which is used to power or charge low power electronic devices. The key impact from this work is raising the public, media and business awareness and interest in our technology. This has included a BBC Technology clip featuring our technology, several national and local radio interviews and coverage on numerous websites and newspapers around the world. Although this technology has not yet been commercialised (a target application is powering smart meters), it has already had a significant impact and reach in public and commercial debate and an enhancement in the public understanding of science.
Work since 1993 at Imperial College has led to a novel generic approach to Separation Science called: Label Free Intrinsic Imaging (LFII) — with applications in high throughput proteomics, metabolomics, analytical chemistry, health care diagnostics and genomics. LFII was commercialised by Imperial spin-out deltaDOT Ltd in Nov 2000. Sales of LFII products by deltaDOT have been made to various sectors including pharmaceutical, analytical and diagnostic companies. The average annual turnover of deltaDOT Ltd in the REF period was >£600k per annum and the net worth and total assets in 2012 were £569,595 and £808,027, respectively. The deltaDOT technology has been adopted by the US multi-million dollar DARPA-funded [Defense Advanced Research Project Agency] rapid-vaccine development programme. In 2009 an affiliate company, deltaDOT QSTP-LLC, was formed in Qatar, developing a world-class proteomics research and testing facility in Doha also entirely based on the LFII technology. Since its formation deltaDOT QSTP-LLC has generated total revenues of >$10M.
The first commercial electronic nose (aka e-nose) instruments were designed, developed and built by researchers in Warwick's School of Engineering in the 1990s, and commercialized by [text removed for publication]
Warwick's patents in chemical sensing also led in 2008 to the creation of a spin-out company, Cambridge CMOS Sensors Ltd (CCS), which provides low-cost low-power gas-sensing technology and is already established in the gas-sensing market.
The smart sensors and instrumentation developed as a result of the pioneering research in artificial olfaction and chemical sensing have had economic impacts across a wide range of sectors, in particular in food quality, healthcare and consumer electronics. The two companies employ around 100 people and the thousands of e-nose instruments sold help quality assurance of foods, beverages and are now being deployed in hospitals for bacterial detection.
Atlas Genetics Ltd is a University of Bath spin-out company established in 2005 by Dr John Clarkson, a former lecturer in the Department of Biology and Biochemistry (DBB). In collaboration with DBB researchers, Atlas Genetics developed novel technology for rapid (<30 minute) and robust detection of infectious diseases at the point-of-care. Atlas Genetics has raised over £22m funding specifically to develop the Atlas ioTM detection system, which combines a patented electrochemical detection system with probes for specific micro-organisms within a small disposable cartridge. Different probe cartridges are used to detect a range of pathogens that have critical clinical importance and large-scale socio-economic significance, including Candida, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), bacterial meningitis, and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) Trichomonas, Chlamydia and Gonorrhoea. Candida research in DBB underpinned the specificity, sensitivity and application of the technology to clinical samples and was used in seeking capitalization for Atlas.
Atlas Genetics re-located from the University to a nearby business park and employs 35 full-time staff, some having moved from academia into the company largely thanks to the synergistic relationship with University of Bath researchers. The ioTM platform has undergone successful clinical tests on Chlamydia and Trichomonas at Johns Hopkins University, USA. The ioTM platform and Chlamydia test is scheduled for clinical trials in 2014, with roll out in Europe and the USA, pending regulatory approval, providing global reach within the $42bn in vitro diagnostics market.