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Research at Sussex has enabled the development of interactive virtual museums, which include the Church of Santa Chiara in the Victoria and Albert Museum`s Medieval and Renaissance Galleries, and Sierra Leone digital collections both online and also recently exhibited at the British Museum. These developments apply Internet, XML, 3D visualisation and database technologies in novel ways. Impacts of the research are social and cultural, through support for social cohesion and the public`s greater awareness and understanding of their cultural heritage; impacts are also in the area of public services, by enabling 2017memory institutions` to improve their service delivery by increasing the global reach of their exhibits and the depth of their engagement with visitors.
Research conducted by the Centre for the Study of Poverty and Social Justice (CSPSJ) led to a new way of assessing child poverty in developing countries. This novel method (termed the Bristol Approach) resulted in the United Nations General Assembly's adoption, for the first time, of an international definition of child poverty (2006). It also underpinned UNICEFs Global Study on Child Poverty and Disparities (2008-10), which was run in over 50 countries. In the last ten years, the CSPSJ's work has put child poverty at the centre of international social and public policy debates. Its researchers have advised governments and international agencies on devising anti-poverty strategies and programmes that specifically meet the needs of children, and have significantly influenced the way child poverty is studied around the world. The Centre has developed academic and professional training courses for organisations like UNICEF on the issues of children's rights and child-poverty. Our work has also spurred NGOs such as Save the Children to develop their own child-development indices, and so has had a direct and profound impact on the lives of poor children around the planet.
Work by LSHTM researchers has led to a greater understanding of Plasmodium malaria parasite species and contributed new methodologies for diagnosis. As a result, patients with the uncommon species P. knowlesi and many hundreds with P. ovale spp. have been correctly diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the rapid detection of parasite DNA is revolutionising clinical trial design. The work has led to the successful commercialisation of a low-cost, easy-to-use malaria testing kit for use in developing countries. Through media outputs and further research, the work has taken awareness of the issues surrounding malaria diagnostics to an international audience.
WHO estimates that 600 million school-age children need deworming treatment and preventive intervention.
The University of Manchester (UoM) Immunology Group delivered an educational programme on the immune response and biology of parasitic worm infections in areas where worm infections are most prevalent, including Uganda and Pakistan, and with UK immigrant communities.
International benefits include health worker and educator training, which is critical for improving the understanding of worm infection and distribution of health education messages to endemic communities. Nationwide engagement activities provided immigrant communities and school pupils with improved awareness of global health issues and a greater understanding of immunology, and have inspired some participants to pursue careers in science.
Work undertaken by the Centre for Transnational Art, Identity and Nation (TrAIN) at the University of the Arts London (UAL) focuses on the role of identity and nation in the production and consumption of artwork and artefacts. This has resulted in an increased awareness and critical understanding of transnational art and design, to the benefit of the Museums and Galleries sector, arts organisations, and the artistic community.
Fairhead and his colleagues questioned new market approaches to environmental sustainability, warning of their iniquitous distributional effects, dubbed `green-grabbing'. Reported globally, this helped to prompt the UN Expert `Committee on World Food Security' and leading global conservation organisations to recognise and organise to avoid this problem. Fairhead's research exemplar focused on the distributional effects of policies sequestering carbon through `biochar' additives to African soils. He (and his colleagues) revealed a hitherto unknown African soil-management practice that provides a pro-poor `climate-smart' alternative to biochar, and this is already being mimicked by agriculturalists in Ethiopia and is planned in Sierra Leone.
Population research carried out by the University of Southampton in China, the world's most populous country, led to significant changes in the structure and delivery of a major United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) programme, thereby ensuring improved access to quality reproductive health and family planning services for more than 750 million Chinese men and women. Southampton's research provided the evidence of the impact that the UN programme was having which enabled the UNFPA to secure sustained financial support from international stakeholders to continue its work in China. The evidence from the research also convinced the Chinese government to roll out the programme nationwide and to re-orient family planning provision in China towards informed choice.
Research conducted by our International Boundaries Research Unit (IBRU) since the 1990s has improved the understanding of boundaries and boundary-making and developed end-user resources in the form of databases and digital maps. IBRU has developed processes and techniques which support peaceful dispute avoidance and resolution through an expanded notion of boundary-making on land, along rivers, and at sea. Our work has had direct impact on a range of geopolitical conflicts and disputes, particularly on boundary demarcation and dispute resolution within Africa. It has also shaped practitioner debate over jurisdictional issues in the Arctic and improved the representation of river boundaries in globally-used geospatial data products.
The impact outlined here derives from research done by Professors Ivor Gaber and Jon Silverman in the related fields of political reporting, justice and democratic accountability through freedom of expression. This work, conducted under the aegis of the Centre for International Media Analysis, Research and Consultancy (CIMARC) at the University of Bedfordshire (UoB), has influenced both the policy environment and professional practice. For example, (in Gaber's case) improving the news coverage of elections in Nigeria, Malawi and Uganda; and (in Silverman's) working towards post-conflict reconciliation in Liberia and Sierra Leone, through an analysis of the media's reporting of war crimes trials.
Impacts: I) Economic benefits derived from carbon credit and land-use schemes in sub-Saharan Africa. II) Multi-national developments in public-policy related to Reducing Emissions for Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD). III) Recommendation for launch by the European Space Agency (March 2013) of the first ever forest-specific monitoring mission.
Significance and reach: Public policy developments have occurred over the period 2011 - June 2013 in Malawi, Mozambique and Gabon. Increases of more than 20% in the level of rural employment pre and post 2008 have been documented for one project in Mozambique.
Underpinned by: Research into quantifying tropical forest biomass stocks and their degradation, undertaken at the University of Edinburgh (2004 onwards).