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Resistivity anomalies resulting from hydrocarbon reservoirs can be located and measured using controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM) techniques. The University of Southampton played a pivotal role in the first full-scale marine CSEM survey over a hydrocarbon target in late 2000. This survey and subsequent work spawned one of the greatest technological advances in the field of oil exploration since the development of 3D seismic techniques. By the end of 2012 over 650 commercial CSEM surveys had been completed worldwide, with annual survey revenues in excess of US$200 million. The University continues to develop impact through consultancy and industry-funded research projects.
The future of the world's energy supply is a global concern, as the demands of a growing population rise and the ability to locate precious oil and gas resources becomes increasingly difficult. Researchers at the University of Glasgow have made a fundamental contribution with the development of LightTouch™ — a Shell proprietary ultrasensitive, technologically advanced gas sensing survey method. In fourteen years of cooperation with Shell, the University of Glasgow has delivered multi-million dollar savings and improved the delivery of efficient survey data, substantially decreasing the economic impact associated with unsuccessful drilling.
Impact: Economic benefits arising from new exploitations of North Sea oil and gas fields (2008 - June 2013), including oil production at the Bentley field by Xcite Energy Ltd and gas production at the Wissey field by Tullow Oil plc.
Significance and reach: The Bentley field produced 47,000 barrels of oil (value ~$4.7M) over the period 2011 — 2012, with an estimated ~900M barrels in place. [text removed for publication].
Underpinned by: Research into the identification of geological features through seismic and sequence stratigraphy, undertaken at the University of Edinburgh (1993 - June 2013).
Durham research on hydraulic fracturing was an important part of the UK government's reasoning for lifting the ban on hydraulic fracturing to recover gas and oil from shale, which has an estimated commercial value in the UK of £1500 billion. We demonstrated that hydraulic fractures will not be tall enough to cause contamination of water supplies where there is a sufficient vertical separation (> 600 m) between the shale reservoir and the drinking water aquifer. Durham research has also provided critical data needed by national environment agencies setting regulations, oil and gas companies seeking permission from regulators to drill wells and for local communities that are objecting to hydraulic fracturing.
Research into the quantification and reduction of geological uncertainty has directly resulted in changes to UK government policy relating to the subsurface as a geological resource. Through Prof Shipton's membership of the Royal Society/Royal Academy of Engineering (Joint Academies) expert working group on risks associated with shale gas extraction in the UK, her research has informed the Department of Energy and Climate Change on ways to calculate and mitigate the risk of seismicity and associated undesirable fluid flow. The Joint Academies report resulted in the lifting of the UK Government embargo on fracking in Dec 2012, allowing exploration for shale gas in the UK to resume, with associated economic and societal benefits of an enhanced UK gas resource. Prof Lunn's membership of the UK Government Committee for Radioactive Waste Management (CoRWM) (2008-present) has resulted in her research informing the substantial changes made to the siting policy for UK radioactive waste disposal from February 2013.
Bristol researchers have been working with the oil and gas industry to develop new methods for monitoring and modelling deformation in oil and gas reservoirs. Industry and NERC funded research has led to the development of (i) novel techniques that better utilise microseismicity monitoring of petroleum reservoirs, and (ii) new software which couples geomechanical deformation and fluid flow with geophysical observations. The research has led directly to development and improvement of commercial software to enhance exploration efforts and minimise costs. Bristol software is now used by several multinational companies worldwide and its development has led to a successful start-up company.
Our research has had a global impact on understanding the tectonic development and fill of rift basins, providing a predictable spatial and temporal template for the distribution of hydrocarbon reservoir rocks. The models are embedded in exploration workflows of global oil companies and have influenced recent exploration success (North and East Africa, Atlantic conjugate margins). Translational research on 3-D rift basin outcrop data capture and resulting software licencing has improved reservoir modelling, optimising positioning of $100m wells. Field-based training for several hundred oil industry staff since 2005 has ensured in-depth knowledge transfer.
Like using glasses to improve eyesight, or the corrective lens of the Hubble telescope, the development of a stable deconvolution algorithm for oil well pressure data has increased the amount of information that can be extracted from well test analyses. The method specifically allows the volume of the reservoir connected to the well to be determined. Several oil and gas companies attest to an increase in their estimates of reserves by more than 20% using deconvolution, with one company indicating a doubling of reserves. The research has led to better design of recovery, better financial planning and more informed investment decisions in the oil and gas industry.
UCL's Deep-Water Research Group (DWRG) creates knowledge transfer between research and the hydrocarbon industry. Oil companies use the DWRG's research results to generate improved in-house computer-generated hydrocarbon reservoir models, allowing them to manage, develop and value their reservoirs better. The same companies also use the research to run training courses for employees, including reservoir engineers and managers, leading to improved understanding and more informed decision-making about the management of hydrocarbon reservoirs. Improved management and development of reservoirs ultimately leads to oil companies being able to extract a greater amount of oil.
Research by the University of Aberdeen's research group on Stratigraphic Evolution of large Igneous Provinces (StratLIP) has guided the successful development of new oil-producing fields in the North East Atlantic that were previously not in production, aided by an improved understanding of the geological context within which the reserves were discovered. The research has informed every phase of exploration and development by several of the UK's leading energy companies, in one project saving the partners £600m and proving the financial viability of a major oilfield development deemed important to the UK's oil supply. The findings have contributed to an increase in the UK's energy security and the strength of the UK's oil and gas industry, especially in the context of the local economy of Aberdeen, the energy capital of Europe.