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Combatting bullying in schools, and more especially the bullying of minority groups, is a priority both nationally and internationally. Prof Rivers' research on homophobic bullying and bystander wellbeing has directly influenced the development of school-based intervention programmes, teacher education, and government policy in the US, Australia, Canada, and UK. It has been cited widely by policy makers internationally and has been used as evidence of the need to develop and promote anti-bullying initiatives.
Professor Peter Smith's extensive programme of research into bullying and the prevention of bullying has translated into research reports and summaries for the Department for Education, the Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC), and the National Children's Bureau. These have been disseminated as expert resources to scores of relevant organisations and public bodies. The EHRC report was used in Parliament to argue for an amendment to the Education Bill.
Smith chaired a Europe-wide funded project on cyberbullying, the findings and recommendations of which have been presented to policymakers and educational practitioners internationally. He was on the Advisory Board of the Anti-Bullying Alliance, working to help reduce bullying in UK schools.
The impacts are: (1) Introduction of anti-bullying policies by thirteen schools in Tira City in the Arab sector of Israel; (2) Policy changes by the Islamic (Sharia) Religious Courts in the Arab sector to ensure that bullying issues are routinely taken into consideration (for the first time) when making child custody decisions; (3) Changes in programme delivery by two charities that aim to reduce violence between children in the Arab sector. This work builds directly upon research conducted at Kingston University and during several visits to Israel supported by the university since 2010.
The research underpinning this case study focuses on understanding the nature of school-based bullying and the effectiveness of systems to address it. Through practitioner-orientated books, training schemes and websites, this research has been widely used in a range of government and NGO publications and resources. In addition, through the research focus on bullying as a systemic problem and understanding how peer support schemes can combat it, Cowie has contributed to bringing about change in the way schools in the UK deal with bullying. This is evidenced by the widespread use of peer mentoring, peer mediation and advocacy schemes, which can be seen on school websites and in government reports.
Bullying occurs when pupils persist in being physically or psychologically abusive to less powerful peers. While it used to be seen as `just part of growing up' and `character-building', it is now recognised as a serious societal problem that demands attention, and schools must take active steps to combat it. Professor Boulton's research contributed to this shift and has ensured bullying continues to be taken seriously. His work has produced novel findings on the damaging psychological impact of bullying, why pupils become involved, and has guided policy and advice offered by governments in the U.K., U.S. and elsewhere, and by other national bodies (NSPCC).
Research into the prevalence of workplace bullying and stress conducted between March 2008 and December 2009 in New Zealand has had three main impacts. The research findings highlight the importance of psychosocial issues in workplaces and directly contributed to the New Zealand Government's decision to include psychosocial workplace hazards as a priority in the Occupational Health Action Plan to 2013. Data from the research is one of the main factual bases for a new guideline developed by staff in the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment on workplace bullying. The guidelines made the research findings available to Health and Safety Inspectors and Professionals, Unions and Employer Groups as well as presenting practices for Occupational Safety and Health Fact Sheets for preventing and dealing with bullying at work.
The research focuses on developing an understanding of the nature and extent of bullying behaviour within secure services, which has extended to developing methods of measurement, training and policy creation. This is a novel research area developed by Jane Ireland and colleagues, initially at UCLan and in HM Prison Service. It was later extended to NHS secure settings and other sites nationally and internationally. Key applications of this research include the preparation of policy and strategy documents that have formed the basis for anti-bullying strategies in HM Prison Service, NHS high secure psychiatric institutions, and the Canadian Correctional Service.
The research impacted on the Coalition Government's decisions to (a) discontinue the Social and Emotional Aspects of Learning (SEAL) national strategy (2011), and (b) roll out the Achievement for All (AfA) pilot programme at a national level (2011). Both of these major decisions on public policy and professional practice were underpinned by the findings of large-scale national evaluation projects.
Educational performance tables — some comparing countries as well as schools — have come to assume great importance. They now influence not only parents' school choices but some national education policies. Tables can, however, mislead as well as enlighten. The three studies featured here demonstrate this and help to ensure that the public will be better informed in future. Two played a key role in convincing the government that it should revise England's school performance tables. The third gave civil servants and politicians good reason to be more circumspect about how they publicly interpret international pupil performance data.
As a direct result of the research conducted by the University of Edinburgh (1994-2009), policy and practice in relation to behaviour management in schools has come to emphasise the importance of i) the centrality of school ethos in promoting positive behaviour; ii) the need to tackle low-level negative behaviour, and iii) a range of interventions, including restorative practices. The significance of the research is that it fostered a cultural and policy change that led to continuous decreases in indiscipline and disciplinary exclusion from school, and a demonstrable increase in teacher confidence and skills in dealing with indiscipline. Beneficiaries of the research were pupils and teachers in primary, secondary and special schools, as well as parents. The research changed national policy and guidelines and positioned Scotland as a leader in research on behaviour and relationships in school and its application to policy and practice.