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Research on the financing of adult social care in England resulted in the development of a full simulation model of the social care economy. This has allowed for the quantification of the costs and benefits of different funding reform options. The research has hence allowed for identification of the limitations of the current financing of social care, and has been relied on by the Government and by the Dilnot Commission in the formulation of new funding policies. It has also been used by social care groups (such as Age UK) to highlight the problems facing the funding of social care.
Quality of care for the increasing numbers of frail older people is an issue of international concern. Led by Professor Meyer at City University London, in partnership with Age UK and Dementia UK, My Home Life (MHL) is a collaborative movement of people involved with care homes for older people. It was established to improve the quality of life of everyone connected with care homes for older people and has become the recognised voice for the sector. The original underpinning research and ensuing projects all focused on knowledge translation, in particular the factors that enhance quality improvement in care homes. MHL actively works with care homes to progress quality improvement and share the lessons learned throughout the system. The programme has had a significant impact on both policy and practice in health and social care, influencing Government policy and supporting practice improvement across national and international borders.
The research has had significant impact in the UK on the development of social and spiritual support for people at the end of life and their families. With Professor Holloway as Social Care Lead on the National End of Life Care Programme (NEoLCP) since 2009, the research has underpinned the launch of a framework for the delivery of social care at the end of life which is now in its second phase of implementation. The framework is endorsed by the Association of Directors of Adult Social Services and has led to local and regional Action Plans and social care practice initiatives. The research on spirituality has led to scoping and training initiatives in healthcare practice and in the funerals industry within the UK and internationally.
A key challenge for UK Government is to identify how older generations can continue to live independently in their own homes. The UK's changing demographics, recent increases in the cost of institutional care coupled with its declining availability make this a priority for policy makers. A twelve stage research programme undertaken by Professor Tinker has investigated how improved home care and assistive technologies including aids and adaptations could be employed to enable older people to remain at home longer. It examined and costed these options and provided recommendations on how they, and other specialised housing types such as sheltered housing, could be provided. Central government, local authorities and housing associations have employed her findings in revising their approaches to housing support for this rapidly growing population. Her findings have recently been employed by governments in Europe, Canada, the USA, Australia and the Far East in their reappraisals of policy on assisted living in later life.
Changes in key socio-economic patterns are threatening the sustainability of the public social care system. The Personal Social Services Research Unit (PSSRU), part of the Social Policy Unit's Health and Social Care Group, has used a range of modelling methods to analyse present and future costs and benefits of alternative social care funding policy scenarios. PSSRU's rigorous modelling has contributed significantly to shaping both the Labour and Coalition Governments' policies on funding long-term care, by identifying the need for funding reform and by assisting the government to define and appraise alternative reform strategies. This research has achieved considerable reach across key social care stakeholders in the UK and internationally.
Research on residential care- and extracare-supported housing conducted by Swansea's Centre for Innovative Ageing (CIA) has impacted on the development and reconfiguration of supported housing services in Wales. Our research on care home closures has directly led to Welsh Government (WG) consultation on guidance regarding `escalating concerns' for care home closures, and the Independent Advisory Group on Local Authority Closure of Care Homes has recommended that our amendments to escalating concerns should be adopted in relation to care home closures due to strategic/policy reasons. Work is now underway by the WG to publish revised guidance in relation to care home closures based on our research. Three local authorities (Swansea, Vale of Glamorgan and Wrexham) have used our research on the challenges associated with extracare provision to inform the development of future services.
The Personal Social Services Research Unit (PSSRU) at the University of Manchester (UoM) has run a programme of research examining community care of older people since 1996. The findings have informed key government decision-making around two important national policy initiatives between 2008 and 2013: (1) the development and implementation of Personal Budgets in Social and Health Care and (2) National Strategies to improve Dementia Services. This has affected the national provision of social care for older people and other adult social care users. In 2011-12, there were over 1.2 million people in England receiving social care affected by these policy changes (over 800,000 aged 65+), with a cost of £6,600m spent on their care (NHS and Social Care Information Centre).
Our research on free personal care and, subsequently, self directed support in Scotland has influenced policy across the UK. It has influenced the continuing cross-party support for free personal care (£111m during 2011-12) in Scotland, and informed recent legislation, and has influenced debates in England about how to pay for the costs of long term care in the context of population ageing. In Wales, the detailed research on the actual costs of care influenced the decision not to take forward free personal care, due to its high costs. Internationally, the continuing research on the case of Scottish policy, especially the development of the costs, has informed wider policy debates, involving stakeholders in Europe and the USA.
IOE research, led by Professor Sonia Jackson, has resulted in improved educational opportunities for a particularly disadvantaged and under-recognised group of young people — those from the public care system. The study, By Degrees, triggered new legislation and support systems to help these young people get to university and complete their studies. It led directly to a mandatory £2,000 bursary for care-leavers who go on to HE in England and Wales and the introduction of a prestigious quality mark now held by more than half of the UK's universities to highlight the extra support they offer care-leavers. The research is also beginning to influence policy thinking in EU countries.
A policy proposal to reduce the system of disability benefits received by 2.44 million over-65s across the UK was abandoned in 2012, partly as a result of research conducted at the University of Essex. The research team highlighted a flaw in the income analyses which were used in Government to suggest that disability benefits often go to older people without substantial financial needs. Defining income more appropriately, the team's research showed instead that recipients of these benefits would be on low incomes if disability benefits were not provided. The findings were quoted extensively by the Health Select Committee in making its recommendations, and the policy change has been abandoned.