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Language impairment is common in children and, without effective early intervention, presents a risk for educational, social and emotional disturbance. The team used their considerable experience in child language research to produce a novel assessment of child language development — The Reynell Developmental Language Scales 3 (RDLS3) — the first test of child language development to be standardised in the U.K. to assess both understanding and production of language in young children. Use of the test has improved language assessment and diagnosis for children with language impairments and, as such, has enabled health and education professionals to target therapy and monitor the effectiveness of interventions to improve child language development. The test has been widely used in the U.K. and is now also being used widely internationally. Recent research by the team has informed a revised version of the test — The New Reynell Developmental Language Scales (NRDLS). Sales figures of the RDLS3 and the commissioning of the NRDLS are testament to its outstanding reputation and enduring legacy worldwide.
Trachoma, caused by ocular infection with Chlamydia trachomatis, is the leading infectious cause of blindness. Research by Professors David Mabey and Robin Bailey, LSHTM, has shown that a single oral dose of azithromycin is an effective, feasible mass treatment and could eliminate trachoma from affected communities. As a result, the manufacturer Pfizer agreed to donate azithromycin to trachoma control programmes for as long as necessary and WHO established an Alliance for the Global Elimination of Blinding Trachoma by 2020. Since 2008, 205m azithromycin doses have been donated, and WHO elimination targets have been achieved in nine countries.
Despite the great public appetite for knowledge about life in Tudor England, until Steve Gunn undertook a huge study of coroners' records, we knew very little about how people lived — and died. Some of his findings shine new light on famous figures, such as the family of William Shakespeare. Others show how ordinary people lived — at work, at home, travelling or relaxing. They reveal the similarities and contrasts between dangers faced by our ancestors and those in modern life. The research has inspired enormous public interest, and it has also provided a historical perspective for organisations concerned with the implementation of health and safety policy.
Genetic skeletal diseases (GSDs) are an extremely diverse and complex group of genetic diseases that affect the development of the skeleton. Although individually rare, as a group of related genetic diseases they have an overall prevalence of at least 1 per 4,000 children, which extrapolates to a minimum of 225,000 people in the European Union. This burden in pain and disability leads to poor quality of life and high healthcare costs. GSDs are difficult diseases to diagnose and there are currently no treatments, therefore, arriving at a confirmed diagnosis is vital for clinical management, psycho-social support and genetic counselling.
Research conducted at the University of Manchester (UoM) has had a major influence on establishing the correct diagnosis of specific GSDs by the discovery of causative genes and mutations and the subsequent development of accurate and reliable DNA testing protocols. This has significantly improved both accuracy of, and access to, genetic testing in the UK, Europe and worldwide.
The range, quantity and quality of Hispanic theatre production, film exhibition and cultural understanding in the UK has been significantly enhanced by the research on Spanish-language stage and screen cultures by Professor Maria Delgado (at QMUL since 1997). The body of knowledge she has generated has led to significant impact in three key areas: i) opening up public discourse on Hispanic cultures; ii) improving the programming and circulation of Spanish-language theatre and film; and iii) contributing to creative and economic prosperity through consultancy and advocacy in the creative industries in the UK and Spain.
The discovery of an early Acute Traumatic Coagulopathy (ATC, a syndrome of abnormal clotting after trauma) by Professor Brohi's team in 2000, and subsequent work building on that pivotal discovery, has led to [A] a new understanding of why patients bleed to death after severe injury and resulted in [B] a fundamental change in resuscitation strategy for acute bleeding patients (`Damage Control Resuscitation') that has led to [C] a 250-300 per cent improved survival in massively bleeding trauma patients. Discovering the character and mechanism of ATC has led to [D] new research in diagnostics and therapeutic opportunities to further improve outcomes. These rapid changes have led to [E] new forums for professional education and [F] improved public understanding of science and medicine.
Music at City University London has long demonstrated a commitment to ethnomusicological outreach. This is particularly manifested in the extensive research of Dr Laudan Nooshin which has facilitated access to and understanding of Iranian music and culture in Britain and internationally. The primary channels through which impact has arisen from this research comprise: educational work with schools; a wide range of print and broadcast media; consultancy work for a range of organisations and festivals; and performance work in a variety of different contexts. Overall, the impact of Nooshin's research has enhanced knowledge of a rich, historically-rooted culture and acted as a counterbalance to the often negative representation of Iranian culture in the British and international media. In particular it has influenced attitudes and perceptions of musicians, scholars, readers and listeners; enriched the cultural lives and aesthetic experiences of children and adults in a range of performance and multimedia contexts; enhanced knowledge and understanding in different educational environments; and contributed significantly to the preservation, renewal and interpretation of Iranian musical heritage.
Research at the Centre for Cutaneous Research at Queen Mary has led to gene discovery and molecular diagnosis for a number of single gene skin disorders and associated syndromes including hearing loss, inflammatory bowel disease, cardiomyopathy and oesophageal cancer. It has identified GJB2 mutations (encoding Cx26) as major cause of genetic hearing loss (20-50% of all cases) and ABCA12 mutations with the (often fatal) recessive skin condition Harlequin Ichthyosis. Impacts include: 1) increased medical and scientific awareness/knowledge of the inherited basis of these conditions, 2) changes in clinical practice and molecular diagnosis, 3) improved information for patients, parents and the public.
Research in dyslexia carried out within the Unit has had impacts on practitioners and services in education, health and welfare. Pioneering research by Dr Bahman Baluch and Dr Maryam Danaye-Tousi (University of Guilan, Iran) on Farsi, and the relationship between orthography and the process of learning to read, has made a significant contribution to the ways in which reading is taught in Iran throughout the curriculum. Research on a common underlying deficit in dyslexia by Dr Nicola Brunswick, which lead to her appointment as Trustee of the British Dyslexia Association (BDA), has helped improve services for people with dyslexia in the UK.
Research on the Shahnama and the Cambridge `Shahnama Project' have stood at the head of a wider effort to promote a better understanding of Persian culture in Britain and the West, especially in view of the current negative image of Iran and its clerical regime. The impact has been (1) to enhance heritage activity in Iranian diaspora communities in the UK and elsewhere; (2) create a focus and catalyst for raising awareness amongst the wider British public of Persian culture and history, and of past relations between Britain and Iran; and (3) inspire and support new forms of artistic expression.