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This case study outlines the impact in generating investment in a spin-out SME and in developing a technology for clinical diagnosis based on chemistry research carried out in Bath. The research led to a spin-out company, Atlas Genetics, which has raised over £18M funding in the REF period specifically to develop the Atlas io™ platform, novel technology for rapid (<30 minute) and robust detection of infectious diseases suitable for point-of-care. The investment has created new jobs for highly skilled workers at the cutting-edge of medical diagnostics, with Atlas currently employing 36 staff. The io™ platform has been fully developed and has undergone successful clinical tests on multiple infections (based on bespoke Chemistry developed at Bath) prior to clinical trialling and rollout in Europe and the United States.
Research; date; attribution:
Since 2005, EaStCHEM research expertise in electrochemistry and in sensing and detection, in partnership with University of Edinburgh researchers and expertise from the associated disciplines of medicine, engineering and physics and funded by the Scottish Intermediary Technology Institute (now Scottish Enterprise, SE) has formed a multidisciplinary team and developed the research outputs and novel platform technologies with enhanced detection characteristics (sensitivity, specificity, ability to handle clinical samples, rapid time-to-result) applicable to point-of-care diagnosis of wound infection state.
Significance: This technology was exclusively licensed from SE by Mölnlycke Health Care AB in 2012. Mölnlycke Health Care AB also established a new subsidiary, MHC Scotland Ltd in the BioQuarter in Edinburgh, to develop this technology, marking their entry into the multibillion dollar global point of care diagnostics market, as well as employing 5 UoE researchers.
Reach: Mölnlycke Health Care AB is a leading innovator in infection control in hospitals having ~7000 employees worldwide and with manufacturing plants in 9 countries.
Beneficiaries: The impact deriving from the underpinning research is to Mölnlycke Health Care AB as evidenced by formation of a significant new business venture and alteration of business practice, through the adoption and commercialisation of our new technology platform and the employment of 5 UoE staff from the research programme as human capital in MHC Scotland Ltd.
Impact: altered business practice / new business venture created
Research into biophysical detection methods undertaken within PHYESTA has resulted in a Gothenburg-based multi-national, Mölnlycke Health Care, establishing a Scottish subsidiary (MHC Scotland) to exploit a commercial (exclusive license) partnership involving PHYESTA and Scottish Enterprise. This represents (i) creation of a new business sector for the company, and (ii) adoption of a new technology into its portfolio.
Significance: Mölnlycke Health Care has used its access to PHYESTA's IP portfolio, via license arrangements, as the primary vehicle for creating a new business venture enabling its entry into the diagnostics market for the first time.
Reach: Mölnlycke Health Care is a leading innovator in infection control in hospitals with employees in 30 countries worldwide. Its entry into the diagnostics market has implications for the entire company.
Beneficiaries: Impact in 2011-2013 pertains primarily to Mölnlycke Health Care and to the Scottish economy.
Attribution: This work was led by Professor Jason Crain, in collaboration with Professor Andrew Mount (Chemistry), Professor Peter Ghazal (Medicine), and Professor Anthony Walton (Engineering).
High-throughput genotyping has revolutionised the genome-wide search for associations between genetic variants and disease. Professor Sir Edwin Southern of the University of Oxford's Biochemistry Department invented the highly cost-effective array-based method of analysing genetic variation based on hybridisation between probes and samples on glass slides or `chips'. The spin-out company Oxford Gene Technology (OGT) founded by Southern in 1995 licenses the patent to manufacturers of `single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chips', including Illumina and Agilent, a global business exceeding $500M per year. Southern has continued to refine and extend this technology to increase its speed, efficiency and cost-effectiveness. This revolutionary technology has widespread applications such as prediction of individual risk, development of new drugs, provision of personalised treatments, and increased cost-effectiveness of clinical trials. Licence revenues fund R&D within OGT, and endow charitable trusts supporting primary school science education in the UK and crop improvement in the developing world.
Communicable diseases are a major health burden in the developing world. Early detection and accurate identification of infectious agents is key to their management. However, the complex procedures and logistics of current diagnostic tests often make them unsuitable for use in developing countries. Two technology platforms have been developed that have led to a new generation of simple and inexpensive rapid tests that can be applied in resource-limited settings. A spinout company was set up to allow translation of these platforms into new products. Three tests (Chlamydia, Hepatitis B and HIV) were launched since 2008, with test kits marketed, allowing patients to receive treatment for infections which would have previously gone unnoticed and untreated. The spinout company has raised >$30 million, of which >$20million is since 2008.
Research led by Dr A McNally at Nottingham Trent University has driven the development of rapid diagnostic protocols and devices for infectious diseases, principally Influenza, Salmonella and Campylobacter. This began by working on the validation of a standardised real-time PCR test for H5N1 avian influenza which is now used in European reference laboratories. Follow on funding from European Union and Technology Strategy Board led to the development of fully automated diagnostic devices for companies who have taken their products to market and attracted substantial investment from world-leading pharmaceutical companies.
Research co-led by Prof Roz Anderson, in collaboration with a multi-disciplinary team, resulted in a new chromogenic substrate for the rapid detection and specific identification of the bacterial pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a `super-bug' that threatens many thousands of hospital patients annually, leading to poor clinical outcome and increased risk of mortality.
bioMérieux adopted the technology for a new product, ChromID® P. aeruginosa, for commercial realisation as a clinical microbiology test; it was launched in the EU, USA and Australia, supporting the company's commercial position as leaders in this field. This test has enhanced the care of patients, through more rapid detection of P. aeruginosa and earlier informed clinical decision- making.
Development of the human cell GADD45a assay enabled accurate identification of carcinogens in vitro, with a low rate of misleading positives. Through the spin-out company Gentronix, this research is reducing costs to industry and decreasing the use of animals in research. Industrial collaboration has enabled commercial adoption of the technology in many sectors. With a 10-fold increase in orders in 2012 versus 2008, Gentronix is a profitable business employing 17 people and with an annual turnover of £1.88m. During 2008-12, Gentronix released a series of new products, established testing services, and signed a product license agreement with GlaxoSmithKline. More than 100 companies worldwide are using Gentronix kits, including pharmaceutical, agricultural and health and beauty companies, along with manufacturers of food flavourings and household goods. The Gentronix assay is currently being reviewed by the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods.
Hagan Bayley's research on nanopore sensing for DNA sequencing at the University of Oxford led to the formation of the spin-out company Oxford Nanopore Technologies Ltd (ONT) in 2005. Since 2008, ONT has raised £ 97.8M to support research and product development. This level of investment arises as a direct result of the pioneering technology ONT has developed, based on research in the UOA, which has the potential to revolutionise DNA sequencing and other single molecule analyses. ONT currently employs 145 people, nearly six times as many as in 2008, and was recently valued at $ 2 billion. Evidence from ONT was used in a 2009 House of Lords report on genomic medicine, demonstrating ONT's position at the forefront of this new technology.
This case study describes the impact of discoveries by Griffin and Handyside on the universal detection of genetic disease in IVF embryos. The team used basic research to develop practicable new techniques now employed in IVF clinics around the world and culminating in a process named "Karyomapping". The impacts are far-reaching and significant: when applied to families at risk of transmitting genetic disorders the process has resulted in live births of unaffected children. The positive results of the discoveries have extended beyond clinical applications: Adaptations of the technology are now being translated to farm animal breeding regimes to improve meat yields and reduce environmental concerns. Impact also includes new product development and wealth generation, job creation, education, and influence on public policy through HFEA, plus widespread public engagement and communication.