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The types of impact highlighted in this case study are: improved effectiveness of workplace practices in relation to health and safety management, time management and collaborative working; development of resources to enhance professional practice; stimulation of practitioner debate on the impact of new legislation on criminal liability for poor management of health and safety; and improvement in turnover of SMEs through ICT adoption. The mechanisms by which the impact was achieved were KTPs, membership of relevant industry panels and organisation of relevant workshops, CPD events and similar events aimed at practitioners.
The researchers have delivered 10 funded studies (£700,000), 50+ peer-reviewed publications and five knowledge transfer conferences (750+ delegates). The samples presented led to materials being delivered to 100,000+ industry practitioners. Further, the international reach of UK OSH guidance is substantial, influencing Australia, Hong Kong, South Africa, and North America. The research helped improve Occupational Safety & Health (OSH) practices in major construction companies, with global reach, e.g. MACE (3,700 employees, over 69 countries, turnover £1bn), who implemented developed practices, resulting in 30% drop in accident rates. Our 'OSH communication images' are used in CITB training, delivered to over 100,000 workers.
Research on the theoretical and experimental assessment of the stability of damaged ships in the Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering from the mid-1990s to the present day has been pivotal in the development, adoption and implementation of the latest amendment of the International Convention on Safety of Life At Sea (SOLAS 2009) by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the UN body regulating maritime safety. The impact of these regulations has been a significant reduction in the risk to human life at sea by enabling ship design and operation with higher standards of damage stability. SOLAS 2009 represents a step change from deterministic to probabilistic rules and from rule compliance to goal-based standards; it has improved design and operation of all commercial ships built worldwide from 2009, and has thus resulted in far-reaching and long-lasting impact on maritime safety.
University of Glasgow research on service design, delivery, and performance in healthcare settings shaped strategies for integrating health and social care organisations in the, then newly formed, East Glasgow Community Health Care Partnership resulting in changes to the organisational development and partnership working practices. Additionally, the research contributed to intelligence and improved practices for ensuring patient safety in Lancaster Royal Infirmary. Through a series of workshops, targeted research communication and collaborative working on strategic planning, the research on service delivery and resilience in healthcare settings contributed to, and shaped developments of, Emergency Guidance and Business Continuity Planning prepared by NHS Scotland, the Scottish Government and NHS 24.
Loughborough University's Construction Accident Causality (ConCA) framework has:
Research by the University of Nottingham has played a leading role in developing national, international and industry guidance on practical approaches to tackling the problem of psychosocial risks in the workplace. The European Commission, the World Health Organisation, the Health and Safety Executive, major global corporations and small and medium-sized businesses have supported and adopted the frameworks and recommendations resulting from this work. In the UK alone the guidance is estimated to have contributed to a saving of almost £2bn over 10 years by helping to improve employees' health and so reducing the costs associated with work-related illness.
Developed from Loughborough University research into the employee impact of safety management, the Loughborough Safety Climate Assessment Toolkit (LSCAT) has helped change attitudes and raise awareness across a variety of industry sectors. Freely available in the public domain, it has facilitated the assessment of safety climate as part of a process of culture change and wider management system enhancement. Beneficiaries during the impact period have included the Royal College of Nursing and the NHS, which have used the tool as a "fundamental" means of benchmarking best practice, and logistics giant DHL Supply Chain, which has used it to identify specific areas for improvement in its safety management systems.
The development, review and acceptance of an explicit 'safety case' forms a key component of the assurance and regulation of many safety critical systems, including those in the nuclear, defence, railway, automotive, medical device, and process industries. Industrial practice in safety case development prior to York's development of the Goal Structuring Notation (GSN) relied almost exclusively upon narrative text to communicate the safety argument within the safety case. This approach suffered from problems of lack of clarity, difficulty in comprehension, poor structure, and limited formalised development of 'case law' in safety argumentation. GSN was developed and matured by York to tackle these problems directly, and is now used internationally by safety critical industries in a large number of domains including defence, transport, nuclear and medical devices.
Research at the Transport Safety Research Centre (TSRC) at Loughborough University has led to the development of a new road safety data and knowledge base called the European Road Safety Observatory (ERSO). The European Commission has confirmed in a reference that it has become a standard tool for EU and national level safety policy development and has been praised by the European Parliament. Since being established in 2006 it has been emulated at national level by many EU Member States including the UK, Spain, Czech Republic, Netherlands and France. The ERSO website now receives over 5000 hits each month from road safety policy-makers across the EU. The research, which was led by TSRC researchers, was conducted between 2004 and 2012 and in 2013 was awarded the HRH Prince Michael International Road Safety Award for its impact on road safety.
The World Health Organisation's (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist is the culmination of over 5 years of concerted research effort to better understand, model and intervene in human factors that affect clinical performance and patient safety in operating theatres and surgical care. Imperial researchers were instrumental in the set up and implementation of the WHO `Safe Surgery Saves Lives' working group, launched in 2006, from which the Checklist was a primary outcome. Subsequently, we were co-investigators, and UK-lead, in a global study the implementation of the Checklist in 8 pilot hospitals across 7 continents. The Checklist was demonstrated to significantly improve patient outcomes and was modified and mandated for use in all NHS surgical procedures in England by the National Patient Safety Agency. We have since lead a national study that evaluated the implementation of the Checklist within the NHS and successfully delivered a team training programme aimed at optimising use of the Checklist in our hospitals.