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The CAT is a unique clinical assessment for people with aphasia, combining assessment of language, cognitive skills and consideration of the wider effects of aphasia on people's lives. On publication, it filled a gap in provision, providing a short but comprehensive assessment based on current theoretical understanding. It is now widely used by Speech and Language Therapists nationally and internationally, directing further assessment and informing diagnosis and treatment and therefore of benefit to people with aphasia. It has become the assessment of choice within clinical trials and projects investigating the relationship between language difficulties and lesion sites.
Strathclyde researchers developed, via a randomised controlled trial, a replicable effective language intervention programme (SLIP) for primary-school children with persisting developmental language disorders. This was followed by a cohort study investigating SLIP's implementation in schools, and an evaluation study providing information for speech and language therapists and teachers on implementing SLIP in the classroom: the Language Support Model (LSM). The Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists included the research outcomes in commissioned economic evaluations and in their Resource Manual for commissioning and planning Speech and Language Therapy Services. Also, many speech and language therapy and education groups have requested presentations and training on SLIP and LSM. The impact of the research has been upon speech and language therapy education internationally; on therapists and teachers using SLIP and the LSM; on service commissioners; and on improved language intervention for children.
Bilingualism Matters (BM) was set up as a proactive public engagement programme by Prof. Antonella Sorace in order to make the results of her research, showing the benefits of bilingualism, accessible and useful to the general public. BM offers advice and information particularly on early bilingualism; it combats misconceptions about bilingualism, especially regarding cognitive development in children. It has made current research accessible, practically usable and of benefit to different sections of society, including children, parents, educationalists, health professionals, businesses and policy makers. In consequence, it has changed public attitudes, and helped shape education policy both in the UK and elsewhere in Europe.
Dr Julia Sallabank's research into Guernsey's little-studied indigenous language, Guernesiais, has greatly informed language planning and policy on the island, particularly with regard to teaching methods and raising awareness of the language among the population. Moreover, her documentation of Guernesiais, specifically the recording of audio samples, constitutes a significant contribution to the preservation of Guernsey's identity and cultural heritage. Sallabank's broader expertise on the revitalisation of endangered languages has also been solicited by language officials elsewhere, notably Jersey, the Isle of Man and New Caledonia, and resulted in her participation in UNESCO's Panel of Experts on language diversity.
Aphasia is a language disorder, typically caused by stroke. It affects about 250,000 people in the UK and numbers are likely to grow with the ageing population. Research at City University London has had a major impact on the treatment of aphasia and on the way that treatment outcomes are assessed. Specifically, our research has:
Our therapy approaches and assessment tools are widely used across the world and are recommended in National and International Clinical Guidelines. As a result, we have enabled people with aphasia to express the impact of aphasia on their lives and helped practitioners to address the language needs that arise from aphasia. We have also helped to establish quality of life as a primary focus for intervention.
Stroke and other forms of brain injury often result in debilitating communication impairments. For example, patients with acquired apraxia of speech (AOS) experience difficulties that affect their capacity to verbally express thoughts and needs. Such individuals have benefitted from the development of a novel computerised treatment — "Sheffield Word" (SWORD). Patients who took part in clinical trials showed improvements in aspects of speech that were impaired after stroke. SWORD is now used by healthcare teams worldwide, providing benefits to a large patient population. The SWORD computerised treatment is convenient to use at home, fosters users' autonomy, and delivers higher treatment doses than possible through traditional clinical sessions. Clinicians who treat AOS have also benefitted through education, training and access to online materials about SWORD which were provided by the research team.
The research of Professor Paul Simpson and Dr Joan Rahilly has informed and enhanced the broader awareness and understanding of English language in the context of secondary level education in Northern Ireland, and has had particular influence on both clinical and developmental assessment of language use. The end users who have benefited from this research include (i) schools, colleges and lifelong learning, (ii) health and well-being agencies, and (iii) voluntary organisations and charities. The main achievements can be summarised as:
Approximately 3-6% of children in the UK have literacy difficulties and are at high risk of educational underachievement. Basic scientific investigation of reading and language development and disorders led to the design and evaluation of school-based interventions for children with language and literacy difficulties. The findings have fed into government reports on the teaching of literacy in schools, dyslexia and the assessment and monitoring of children's progress in phonics in the form of the nationally-introduced Phonics Screening Test. The interventions, delivered by teaching assistants, were implemented and evaluated in Cumbria and North Yorkshire. They are now recommended by the Department for Education and are commercially available from Down Syndrome Education International, and have influenced the procedures of the Special Educational Needs/Tribunal Service.
Our L[anguage] E[volution] and C[omputation] group investigates culture, communication and social networks, focusing on language evolution. Communicating the key concepts of cultural evolution to a general audience is a challenge imaginatively met through Kirby's collaboration with, then membership of, the art collective FOUND. LEC's research (and Kirby's computational expertise) has inspired and extended FOUND's sculpture, music and design practice. They now create interactive installations exploring culture and communication in a connected, informationally promiscuous world. The impact of the research is thus twofold: a change in the practices of a now award-winning art collective, in turn sparking awareness in a wide audience of new ideas about communication and human evolution.
Researchers working on endangered languages have an obligation to produce work of lasting value to the language community. International collaborative research by QMUL on Kiowa (fewer than 30 fluent speakers) has substantially contributed to preserving and revitalizing this native language of Oklahoma. Tribal elders, grassroots language-class participants, grassroots self- learners and Kiowa cultural institutions have benefitted from new language-learning resources: specially designed booklets and an online community via Facebook and YouTube. Over 200 people are now learning Kiowa using real oral literature rather than made-up sentences. A vast amount of linguistic and cultural knowledge, which would otherwise have been lost with the last fluent generation, is now made accessible to the tribe. Tribal members not fluent in Kiowa are now accessing previously inaccessible cultural capital lodged with tribal institutions whose mission is enhanced. Individual tribal elders also report a sense of fulfillment in being able to pass on their culture.