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Case Study 3: Prioritising enforcement in international money market regimes

Summary of the impact

This research has influenced a shift in the international framework for tackling the proceeds of crime. It helped to move state practice away from a focus on formal compliance with the international rules to an emphasis on effectiveness and enforcement. Gilmore's monographs on Dirty Money (1995-2004) and appointments with the Council of Europe (CoE) — the body charged with coordinating government responses to money laundering — established a direct conduit for the uptake of research by transnational regulators. States regulated through CoE standards now focus intensively on confiscation of the proceeds of crime rather than on formal criminalisation of related activities.

Submitting Institution

University of Edinburgh

Unit of Assessment

Law

Summary Impact Type

Legal

Research Subject Area(s)

Studies In Human Society: Criminology, Policy and Administration
Law and Legal Studies: Law

Challenging perspectives on crime and crime policy

Summary of the impact

Critical public policy debates on the likely effect of reductions in police staffing levels and on understanding the implications of crime patterns have been informed by findings from research conducted at the University of Birmingham by Dr Siddhartha Bandyopadhyay. The novel research contributed to raising public and practitioner awareness and understanding of the possible impact of cuts in police staffing, whether or not "prison works" and in explaining the apparent paradox of a fall in recorded acquisitive crime during a recession. These findings, which often challenged political perspectives and conventional wisdom, were initially publicised by an independent think-tank, Civitas, and followed-up in national press articles (one of which generated approximately 450 reader comments) and presentations to stakeholder agencies including central UK Government.

Submitting Institution

University of Birmingham

Unit of Assessment

Economics and Econometrics

Summary Impact Type

Legal

Research Subject Area(s)

Studies In Human Society: Criminology

Crime drop, security and victimisation

Summary of the impact

Research in this Unit at NTU has:

(a) Changed the way victimisation is conceptualised, measured, and reported within official crime surveys;

(b) Transformed the methodological evaluation of the impact of security devices upon crime and repeat victimisation through the introduction of multi-level statistical modelling as opposed to bivariate cross-tabulations which constituted the state of the art prior to her work.

Professor Tseloni's research has directly informed the methodological training of crime survey analysts (including those working on the Home Office British Crime Survey), and contributed through the dissemination of Home Office guidelines to the day-to-day crime reduction practices and responses to crime of police forces in England and Wales.

Submitting Institution

Nottingham Trent University

Unit of Assessment

Social Work and Social Policy

Summary Impact Type

Legal

Research Subject Area(s)

Studies In Human Society: Criminology
Law and Legal Studies: Law

Confronting online dating scams: working with police and the industry

Summary of the impact

Online dating scams have claimed an estimated 230,000 victims in the UK. This study demonstrates how research by the Unit has substantially increased understanding and public awareness of this relatively new and under-reported crime, and helped the police and the online dating industry to address it more effectively. The major beneficiaries of the research, which has attracted international attention, have been:

- the police, nationally and internationally, through assistance, training and advice received on combating the crime and supporting victims;

- the victims, through improvement in the quality of support available to them;

- the public generally, through heightened awareness of the scam.

Submitting Institution

University of Leicester

Unit of Assessment

Communication, Cultural and Media Studies, Library and Information Management 

Summary Impact Type

Legal

Research Subject Area(s)

Studies In Human Society: Criminology
Law and Legal Studies: Law

Designing Out Crime: Building Safer Communities Through Shaping National and International Policy and Practice

Summary of the impact

Research undertaken by Armitage and Hirschfield and colleagues from the Applied Criminology Centre (ACC) has made a significant contribution to crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED). Emerging from a wider programme of study in the field of environmental criminology, research completed at the University of Huddersfield since 2004 into `designing out' crime has been incorporated into national and local planning policy and procedures and has influenced international urban planning. This research has underpinned the UK Association of Chief Police Officers' (ACPO) success in extending the designing out crime initiative, Secured By Design (SBD), to 350,000 homes, and in reducing burglary rates by more than half in housing designed to this standard.

Submitting Institution

University of Huddersfield

Unit of Assessment

Social Work and Social Policy

Summary Impact Type

Legal

Research Subject Area(s)

Medical and Health Sciences: Public Health and Health Services
Studies In Human Society: Criminology, Policy and Administration

2 Enabling the growth of mobile money business in the telecoms industry in new territories in compliance with international banking regulations

Summary of the impact

Based on research at UWE into mobile banking regulation, telecoms companies have been able to contribute to growth in these emerging markets internationally. The UWE findings have enabled them to understand the anti-money laundering (AML) and banking regulation implications of their mobile banking initiatives, giving them confidence and competitive advantage in negotiations by being fully versed in the local and international implications associated with mobile money and AML banking regulation. As a result, the France Telecom Group (FTG) has been able to successfully launch new subsidiaries in Tunisia, Niger, Armenia and Uganda which, by bringing mobile money services to new markets, has had a significant impact on local economies and employment.

Submitting Institution

University of the West of England, Bristol

Unit of Assessment

Law

Summary Impact Type

Economic

Research Subject Area(s)

Studies In Human Society: Policy and Administration, Political Science
Law and Legal Studies: Law

Improving police practice and reducing the incidence of crime through mapping and analysis

Summary of the impact

Research on spatial patterns of crime at UCL has influenced police practice and has informed policy and its implementation in countries including Australia, Canada, UK, and USA. Our research has challenged conventional wisdom amongst police and policymakers about spatial patterns of crime. Working directly with police forces and through our continuing professional development training, we have spearheaded the use of crime mapping and forecasting methods in practice. Implementation has led to documented reductions in crimes such as burglary of between 20-66%.

Submitting Institution

University College London

Unit of Assessment

Social Work and Social Policy

Summary Impact Type

Legal

Research Subject Area(s)

Studies In Human Society: Criminology

Situational crime prevention policy and practice

Summary of the impact

Research produced by UCL's Department of Security & Crime Science (SCS) and Jill Dando Institute of Security & Crime Science has been used in the UK and internationally to shape policies and guide practices using situational methods to prevent crime. Working closely with police forces, crime prevention practitioners and policy makers, SCS staff have provided evidence, expertise and advice to support particular crime prevention initiatives and approaches to crime prevention more broadly. The impact of the research is demonstrated by acknowledged contributions to policy, policing and crime prevention practices, and to fighting the specific crimes of bike theft and internal child sex trafficking.

Submitting Institution

University College London

Unit of Assessment

Social Work and Social Policy

Summary Impact Type

Legal

Research Subject Area(s)

Studies In Human Society: Criminology

7. Shaping Government Policy in Violence Prevention.

Summary of the impact

Research from the Violence and Society Research Group at Cardiff University has led directly to the development of a pioneering multi-agency data-sharing model for violence prevention that uses hospital Emergency Unit data. Results from implementation of the data-sharing model demonstrate decreases in violence. This success has encouraged international adoption in addition to the UK coalition government national commitment to implement the approach UK-wide.

Submitting Institution

Cardiff University

Unit of Assessment

Allied Health Professions, Dentistry, Nursing and Pharmacy

Summary Impact Type

Societal

Research Subject Area(s)

Medical and Health Sciences: Public Health and Health Services
Studies In Human Society: Criminology
Psychology and Cognitive Sciences: Psychology

Peterborough Adolescent and Young Adult Development Study (PADS+)

Summary of the impact

PADS+ casts light on the causal mechanisms for crime, highlighting how the interaction between people and settings leads to acts of crime. As a result PADS+ has advanced the scientific basis on which policing and criminal justice strategy and crime prevention policies can be formulated in the UK and abroad. Three types of impact are claimed: (1) initiating a move away from a broad-brush risk factor approach to the explanation and prevention of crime towards a focus on key causal factors and mechanisms; (2) being recognized and utilized by policy makers; (3) contributing to social science education nationally and internationally.

Submitting Institution

University of Cambridge

Unit of Assessment

Law

Summary Impact Type

Legal

Research Subject Area(s)

Studies In Human Society: Criminology
Psychology and Cognitive Sciences: Psychology

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