Log in
University of Aberdeen research has directly influenced worldwide guidance for breastfeeding. A programme of research led by University researchers set out to develop, design and evaluate interventions to improve breastfeeding rates. Findings from the research directly led to a change to UNICEF guidance on how to promote breastfeeding care. Hospitals can apply to be UNICEF "Baby Friendly" accredited if they can demonstrate implementation of the UNICEF guidance. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence has also indicated that all UK hospitals must follow the UNICEF guidance. The research has also directly impacted on the work of the Baby Café Charitable Trust -a charity which runs accredited drop-in centres to promote breastfeeding across in the UK and internationally - with the findings from the Aberdeen research programme directly influencing the Baby Café "toolkit": the "rule-book" by which all Baby Café drop-in centres worldwide are run.
The claimed impact, as defined by REF guidance, is therefore on policy and services; practitioners and professional services; society and economically.
Our research, which identified effective and cost-effective interventions to help women, particularly those in low income groups, make informed choices and establish and maintain breastfeeding for newborn infants, has changed health policy and practice nationally and internationally. The findings have been included in national and international practice recommendations including National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines. Active dissemination of our research outputs and adoption of their recommendations have been associated with stepwise increases in breastfeeding rates in the UK, particularly for socially disadvantaged women who typically have low breastfeeding rates, and is likely to be associated with improved health of infants.
Bournemouth University (BU) research into the obstacles to and facilitators for breastfeeding has generated impacts for a wide range of beneficiaries at a local, national and international level. Research has influenced and informed policy and guidelines in the UK and Australia. It has informed research-based training modules for midwives, lactation consultants and other related professionals. The research-based online resources produced by BU are regularly used by around 1,500 breastfeeding mothers from across the globe every month. This level of breastfeeding promotion and support presents an opportunity to improve individual well-being, lessen health inequalities and reduce health care costs.
The Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) has influenced health policy and practice at local, national and international levels. Breastfeeding research based on MCS data has made a particularly important contribution to health education, and important insights have been provided on immunisation and obesity. The study has also helped to shape policy thinking and public discussion on issues such as social mobility, family poverty and child development. The MCS has not only created an invaluable resource for researchers in the UK and other countries, it has also served as a model for other cohort studies. Leading researchers around the world say it sets the benchmark against which other child cohort studies will be measured.
The association between incomes across generations is known as `intergenerational mobility'. Knowledge of this is important for understanding the extent of inequality within society and can measure equality of opportunity. Improving such mobility has been central to current (and previous) Government policy.
Research carried out at Surrey, along with the Centre for Economic Performance (CEP), has contributed significantly to policy and public debate on the extent and drivers of intergenerational mobility in Britain. It has featured in UK Government and OECD outputs; and contributed directly to Government policy on intergenerational mobility.
Related policies directly influenced by the research include Family Nurse Partnerships (costing £17.5m), free nursery provision for disadvantaged 2-year olds (costing £760m by 2014-15) and the funding of a new 2012 cohort study (£33.5m). The research has also attracted considerable national media attention.
The societal, economic and health benefits of breastfeeding include reduced infections in infants, cancers in mothers, cardiovascular disorders in both, and costs to the NHS (UNICEF UK 2012). Breastfeeding initiation rates in England improved from 66.2% in 2005/6 to 73.7% in 2010/11. Swansea work improved services, health and welfare because we:
We recommended that doses of analgesia be minimised and mothers receiving multiple medicines in labour targeted for additional breastfeeding support (R1-3). These recommendations reached most midwives and students in the English-speaking world through NICE (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence), Intrapartum Care Guideline 2007 (C1 p.123) and our textbooks (R4, 5). NICE guidelines form the basis of hospital policies and procedures in the UK and beyond. Doses were lowered (details below) and breastfeeding rates improved.
UK and international comparative research on socioeconomic inequality in early childhood, conducted by University of Bristol in conjunction with international colleagues, has profoundly influenced a variety of UK policy initiatives since 2010. Reliable evidence on the extent of learning deficits among recent cohorts of socio-economically disadvantaged children in early childhood has led to widespread acceptance in government that policy to promote equality of opportunity must begin in the preschool period. Analysis of the factors underpinning the disparities has led to and informed the development of official UK indicators to monitor progress in this area and specific policies to support parents, with outstanding potential to impact positively on the life chances of disadvantaged children. These include, for example, free childcare places for disadvantaged two-year-olds, an increased number of health visitors and the launch of telephone and online services for parents.
Young Lives is identifying major influences on children's development, from infancy to adulthood, by carrying out a pioneering longitudinal study across four developing countries over 15 years. Young Lives gathers and analyses data on how childhood is changing in diverse communities, especially through the impact of economic, cultural and policy shifts, by studying two age cohorts in each country. UNICEF, the World Bank, Plan International, and Save the Children International, among others, are using Young Lives research to design childhood poverty-reduction policies in the Post-2015 Development Agenda. The research also underpins the re-visioning of global child protection work by UNICEF, Save the Children Canada, and World Vision UK.
Anxiety disorders are the most common emotional disorders in children, affecting up to 19% of all children and adolescents, and are associated with significant impairment and poor long term outcomes. Research at the University of Reading has highlighted particular parental factors associated with the development and persistence of childhood anxiety disorders. This research led to the development of a brief treatment which has proven effective for a significant sub-group (>70%) of patients. The treatment has been widely implemented in the U.K. and internationally. As a result, the research has increased access to evidence based treatment, which has benefitted affected children, their parents/caregivers and children's mental health services.
Professor Dieter Wolke has led several research programmes that delineate the long-term health effects of prenatal exposure to stress and moderate/late preterm, very preterm, and extremely preterm birth. His research has had a direct impact on international medical guidelines and educational recommendations for babies born preterm. The research has also informed European political debate (via a White Paper for the European parliament) on healthcare policy related to after care for preterm or sick children; has influenced UK policy regarding the education of children born preterm; and has contributed to public and practitioner understanding through media items issued, for example, by the NHS and the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.